What should a manuscript include

Java 1. Any restrictions to use by non-academics: e. References See our editorial policies for author guidance on good citation practice. Please check the submission guidelines for the relevant journal and article type.

What should be cited? How to format your references Please check the Instructions for Authors for the relevant journal and article type for examples of the relevant reference style. When preparing tables, please follow the formatting instructions below. Tables should be numbered and cited in the text in sequence using Arabic numerals i. Table 1, Table 2 etc.

Tables less than one A4 or Letter page in length can be placed in the appropriate location within the manuscript. Tables larger than one A4 or Letter page in length can be placed at the end of the document text file. Please cite and indicate where the table should appear at the relevant location in the text file so that the table can be added in the correct place during production. Larger datasets, or tables too wide for A4 or Letter landscape page can be uploaded as additional files.

Please see [below] for more information. Tabular data provided as additional files can be uploaded as an Excel spreadsheet. Please use the standard file extensions. Table titles max 15 words should be included above the table, and legends max words should be included underneath the table.

Color and shading may not be used. Parts of the table can be highlighted using superscript, numbering, lettering, symbols or bold text, the meaning of which should be explained in a table legend.

Commas should not be used to indicate numerical values. If additional material is provided, please list the following information in a separate section of the manuscript text: File name e. Additional file 1 File format including the correct file extension for example. Submit manuscript. Editorial Board Instructions for Editors Instructions for authors Sign up for article alerts and news from this journal. Follow Follow us on Twitter. Annual Journal Metrics Speed days to first decision for reviewed manuscripts only days to first decision for all manuscripts days from submission to acceptance 31 days from acceptance to publication Citation Impact 2.

More about our metrics. Trials ISSN: Every citation in the text should be listed in the reference list, and vice versa. Note that online sources should be cited in the same manner as print sources i. Be sure to cite sources for all software and include full reference information. References should be formatted in accordance with APA style. Relevant examples:. Russano, M. Investigating true and false confessions within a novel experimental paradigm. Psychological Science , 16 6 , — Krumhansl, C.

Cognitive foundations of musical pitch. Oxford University Press. Mazziotta, J. Experimental design and statistical issues. Toga Eds. Academic Press. Kalnay, E. Joseph, D. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society , 77 3 , — Nelson, D. The University of South Florida word association, rhyme, and word fragment norms. R Core Team. R: A language and environment for statistical computing Version 4.

Tables should be editable and created using the tables function in Word rather than using tabs to separate columns. There should be no empty rows or columns. Column heads cannot change partway down a table; in such cases, the new heads and the data under them must be placed in a separate table, with its own title.

Tables should be embedded near to where they are discussed in the text. In the next part of the course we will discuss the standard structure and what to include in each section. IMRaD refers to the standard structure of the body of research manuscripts after the Title and Abstract :. Not all journals use these section titles in this order, but most published articles have a structure similar to IMRaD.

This standard structure:. Provides all content needed for the work to be replicated and reproduced Although the sections of the journal manuscript are published in the order: Title, Abstract, Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results, Discussion, and Conclusion, this is not the best order for writing the sections of a manuscript.

For methods, usual order of presentation is chorological. This section must be brief but informative. Clearly explain how you carried out your study according to the following generalized structure:. The Results section presents the experimental data to the reader and is not a place for discussion or interpretation of the data. The data itself should be presented in tables and figures. Introduce each group of tables and figures in a separate paragraph where the overall trends and data points of particular interest are noted.

You may want to indicate the placement of a particular table or figure in the text. For experimental studies, key statistics such as the number of samples n , the index of dispersion SEM, SD and the index of central tendency mean, median or mode must be stated without reference. Include any statistical analysis that was performed and make sure to indicate specific statistical data, such as p-values.

Give appropriate sub-heading based on the parameters you studied to consider of bellows matters. Presented each table and figure in the paper must be referred to in the results section without reference. In particular, look to the last paragraph of the introduction. If the work has characterized a phenomenon by studying specific effects, use the results to describe each effect in separate paragraphs. If the work has presented a hypothesis, use the results to construct a logical argument that supports or rejects your hypothesis.

If the work has identified three main objectives for the work, use the results to address each of these objectives. A well defined study that is described in the Introduction, along with supporting results that are presented in the Results section, should ease the construction of the Discussion section.

Begin the Discussion section with a brief paragraph that again gives an overview to the work. Summarize the most important findings and, if applicable, accept or reject the proposed hypothesis. Next, identify the most interesting, significant, remarkable findings that were presented in the Results section, and contrast these findings in light of other studies reported in the literature. It is often informative if a discussion of the potential weaknesses of the interpretation is also included.

Finally, at the end of the Discussion section, consider the other works in the literature that address this topic and how this work contributes to the overall field of study. Finalize the discussion section according to the following criteria-. Author should be more focused on the justification of the results.

Most important part of discussion is the justification of own findings not comparing your findings to previous reports. Again, first introduce the work and then briefly state the major results.